Frequently Asked Questions

    }
 
    /**
     * Get a route (if necessary) that responds when other available methods are present.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  array  $methods
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     *
     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\MethodNotAllowedHttpException
     */
    protected function getRouteForMethods($request, array $methods)
    {
        if ($request->method() == 'OPTIONS') {
            return (new Route('OPTIONS', $request->path(), function () use ($methods) {
                return new Response('', 200, ['Allow' => implode(',', $methods)]);
            }))->bind($request);
        }
 
        $this->methodNotAllowed($methods);
    }
 
    /**
     * Throw a method not allowed HTTP exception.
     *
     * @param  array  $others
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\MethodNotAllowedHttpException
     */
    protected function methodNotAllowed(array $others)
    {
        throw new MethodNotAllowedHttpException($others);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get routes from the collection by method.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $method
     * @return array

    public function match(Request $request)
    {
        $routes = $this->get($request->getMethod());
 
        // First, we will see if we can find a matching route for this current request
        // method. If we can, great, we can just return it so that it can be called
        // by the consumer. Otherwise we will check for routes with another verb.
        $route = $this->matchAgainstRoutes($routes, $request);
 
        if (! is_null($route)) {
            return $route->bind($request);
        }
 
        // If no route was found we will now check if a matching route is specified by
        // another HTTP verb. If it is we will need to throw a MethodNotAllowed and
        // inform the user agent of which HTTP verb it should use for this route.
        $others = $this->checkForAlternateVerbs($request);
 
        if (count($others) > 0) {
            return $this->getRouteForMethods($request, $others);
        }
 
        throw new NotFoundHttpException;
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if a route in the array matches the request.
     *
     * @param  array  $routes
     * @param  \Illuminate\http\Request  $request
     * @param  bool  $includingMethod
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route|null
     */
    protected function matchAgainstRoutes(array $routes, $request, $includingMethod = true)
    {
        list($fallbacks, $routes) = collect($routes)->partition(function ($route) {
            return $route->isFallback;
        });
 
        return $routes->merge($fallbacks)->first(function ($value) use ($request, $includingMethod) {

    /**
     * Dispatch the request to a route and return the response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
    }
 
    /**
     * Find the route matching a given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    protected function findRoute($request)
    {
        $this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request);
 
        $this->container->instance(Route::class, $route);
 
        return $route;
    }
 
    /**
     * Return the response for the given route.
     *
     * @param  Route  $route
     * @param  Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function runRoute(Request $request, Route $route)
    {
        $request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
            return $route;
        });
 
        $this->events->dispatch(new Events\RouteMatched($route, $request));

     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function dispatch(Request $request)
    {
        $this->currentRequest = $request;
 
        return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to a route and return the response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
    }
 
    /**
     * Find the route matching a given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    protected function findRoute($request)
    {
        $this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request);
 
        $this->container->instance(Route::class, $route);
 
        return $route;
    }
 
    /**
     * Return the response for the given route.
     *

     * @return mixed
     */
    public function respondWithRoute($name)
    {
        $route = tap($this->routes->getByName($name))->bind($this->currentRequest);
 
        return $this->runRoute($this->currentRequest, $route);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function dispatch(Request $request)
    {
        $this->currentRequest = $request;
 
        return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to a route and return the response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
    }
 
    /**
     * Find the route matching a given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    protected function findRoute($request)

     * @return void
     */
    public function bootstrap()
    {
        if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
            $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the route dispatcher callback.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()
    {
        return function ($request) {
            $this->app->instance('request', $request);
 
            return $this->router->dispatch($request);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    public function terminate($request, $response)
    {
        $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);
 
        $this->app->terminate();
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *

use Symfony\Component\Debug\Exception\FatalThrowableError;
 
/**
 * This extended pipeline catches any exceptions that occur during each slice.
 *
 * The exceptions are converted to HTTP responses for proper middleware handling.
 */
class Pipeline extends BasePipeline
{
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            try {
                return $destination($passable);
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
            } catch (Throwable $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 

     * The additional attributes passed to the middleware.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributes = [];
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, ...$attributes)
    {
        $this->attributes = $attributes;
 
        $this->clean($request);
 
        return $next($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Clean the request's data.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return void
     */
    protected function clean($request)
    {
        $this->cleanParameterBag($request->query);
 
        if ($request->isJson()) {
            $this->cleanParameterBag($request->json());
        } else {
            $this->cleanParameterBag($request->request);
        }
    }
 
    /**

                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];

                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {

     * The additional attributes passed to the middleware.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributes = [];
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, ...$attributes)
    {
        $this->attributes = $attributes;
 
        $this->clean($request);
 
        return $next($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Clean the request's data.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return void
     */
    protected function clean($request)
    {
        $this->cleanParameterBag($request->query);
 
        if ($request->isJson()) {
            $this->cleanParameterBag($request->json());
        } else {
            $this->cleanParameterBag($request->request);
        }
    }
 
    /**

                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];

                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {

class ValidatePostSize
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\PostTooLargeException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $max = $this->getPostMaxSize();
 
        if ($max > 0 && $request->server('CONTENT_LENGTH') > $max) {
            throw new PostTooLargeException;
        }
 
        return $next($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine the server 'post_max_size' as bytes.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    protected function getPostMaxSize()
    {
        if (is_numeric($postMaxSize = ini_get('post_max_size'))) {
            return (int) $postMaxSize;
        }
 
        $metric = strtoupper(substr($postMaxSize, -1));
        $postMaxSize = (int) $postMaxSize;
 
        switch ($metric) {
            case 'K':
                return $postMaxSize * 1024;
            case 'M':

                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];

                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {

    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($this->app->isDownForMaintenance()) {
            $data = json_decode(file_get_contents($this->app->storagePath().'/framework/down'), true);
 
            throw new MaintenanceModeException($data['time'], $data['retry'], $data['message']);
        }
 
        return $next($request);
    }
}
 

                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];

                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {

    public function via($method)
    {
        $this->method = $method;
 
        return $this;
    }
 
    /**
     * Run the pipeline with a final destination callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function then(Closure $destination)
    {
        $pipeline = array_reduce(
            array_reverse($this->pipes), $this->carry(), $this->prepareDestination($destination)
        );
 
        return $pipeline($this->passable);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            return $destination($passable);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */

    }
 
    /**
     * Send the given request through the middleware / router.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
    {
        $this->app->instance('request', $request);
 
        Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
 
        $this->bootstrap();
 
        return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                    ->send($request)
                    ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
                    ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
    }
 
    /**
     * Bootstrap the application for HTTP requests.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function bootstrap()
    {
        if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
            $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the route dispatcher callback.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()

            $router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
        }
 
        foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
            $router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming HTTP request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function handle($request)
    {
        try {
            $request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
 
            $response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->reportException($e);
 
            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
 
            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        }
 
        $this->app['events']->dispatch(
            new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response)
        );
 
        return $response;
    }
 
    /**
     * Send the given request through the middleware / router.
     *

*/
 
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Run The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request
| through the kernel, and send the associated response back to
| the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative
| and wonderful application we have prepared for them.
|
*/
 
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
 
$response = $kernel->handle(
    $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);
 
$response->send();
 
$kernel->terminate($request, $response);
 

/**
 * Laravel - A PHP Framework For Web Artisans
 *
 * @package  Laravel
 * @author   Taylor Otwell <taylor@laravel.com>
 */

$uri = urldecode(
    parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH)
);

// This file allows us to emulate Apache's "mod_rewrite" functionality from the
// built-in PHP web server. This provides a convenient way to test a Laravel
// application without having installed a "real" web server software here.
if ($uri !== '/' && file_exists(__DIR__.'/public'.$uri)) {
    return false;
}

require_once __DIR__.'/public/index.php';